457b vs. Brokerage Account: Which is Right for ACA Planning?

Understanding 457b Plans
A 457b plan is a tax-advantaged retirement savings account available to employees of certain government entities, including state and local governments, and some non-profit organizations. Contributions to a 457b plan are made on a pre-tax basis, reducing your current income and lowering your tax liability. However, withdrawals from a 457b plan before age 59.5 are generally subject to income tax and a 10% penalty.

457b vs. Brokerage Account: Comparing Options
If you are eligible for a 457b plan, you may face a decision between maxing out your contributions or diverting some funds to a brokerage account. Here are some factors to consider:

1. Tax Implications:
457b Plan: Contributions are made pre-tax, reducing your immediate tax liability. Withdrawals are subject to income tax and a 10% penalty if made before age 59.5.
Brokerage Account: Contributions are made on an after-tax basis. Withdrawals of contributions are tax-free, while withdrawals of earnings are subject to income tax.

2. Investment Options:
457b Plan: Plan investment options are typically limited, often only offering a handful of mutual funds or stable value funds.
Brokerage Account: Brokerage accounts offer a wide range of investment options, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and ETFs.

3. Flexibility:
457b Plan: Distributions are generally restricted to certain events, such as retirement, disability, or separation from service.
Brokerage Account: Withdrawals can be made at any time, without penalty or restrictions.

ACA Considerations
When making your decision, consider how your choices may impact your eligibility for Affordable Care Act (ACA) subsidies. ACA subsidies are available to individuals and families with incomes below certain levels. These subsidies can significantly reduce the cost of health insurance premiums.

If you anticipate needing ACA subsidies in retirement, it may be advantageous to limit your pre-tax contributions, as higher pre-tax income can reduce your subsidy eligibility. In this case, a brokerage account may be a better choice, as contributions would not count towards your taxable income.

Conclusion
The decision between maxing out a 457b plan or contributing to a brokerage account depends on your individual circumstances and financial goals. Consider the tax implications, investment options, and flexibility of each option, as well as how they may impact your ACA eligibility. If you are unsure about the best approach for your situation, it is recommended to consult with a financial advisor or licensed insurance agent.